3.16 DNA and Genetic Information

Notes


Chromosomes -> Gene loci

---> Double helix structure (DNA), interwoven parallel helixes

------> Outside sections = 'sugar phosphate backbone'
------> Inside contains 'base pairs' = Adenine (A) <--> Thymine (T), Cytosine (C) <--> Guanine (G) which hold two sides of the 'backbone' together
------------> Base pairs order (right side of helix structure): GENE
(R) (L)

A  T
C  G
T  A
G  C
A  T
A  T
C  G
C  G
A  T
G  C
C  G

Gene inside nucleus = order of bases & number of bases -> codes for construction of protein in cytoplasm -> organism characteristics